![]() Population is divided into subgroups, called strata, according to some variable or variables in importance to the study Computer generated random numbers table.See text for random sampling details & table of random numbers Using a table of random numbers in bookĪ table displaying hundreds of digits from 0 to 9 set up in such a way that each number is equally likely to follow any other.Types of probability sampling - see table in course materials for details Decreases sampling error and sampling bias.Increases sample's representativeness of the population.Everyone in the population has equal opportunity for selection as a subject.Every element (member) of the population has a probability greater than) of being selected for the sample.Types of Sampling Methods - probability & non-probability Precision = the accuracy with which the population parameters have been estimated remember that population parameters often are based on the sample statistics ![]() Statistic = numerical value or measure of a characteristic of the sample remember S for sample & statistic Parameter = a numerical value or measure of a characteristic of the population remember P for parameter & population Most effective way to achieve representativeness is through randomization random selection or random assignment Sample reflects the characteristics of the population, so those sample findings can be generalized to the population ![]() Representativeness = sample must be as much like the population in as many ways as possible Randomization = each individual in the population has an equal opportunity to be selected for the sample Louis city & county in 1998Ī list of all school-age children with asthma treated in pediatric asthma clinics in university-affiliated medical centers in the MidwestĪ list of all pregnant teens in the Henderson school district Louis Effort for AIDSĪ list of all low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal ICUs in St. Louis county nursing homes affiliated with BJCĪ list of all people with AIDS in the metropolitan St. Sampling frame = a list of all the elements in the population from which the sample is drawnĬould be extremely large if population is national or international in natureįrame is needed so that everyone in the population is identified so they will have an equal opportunity for selection as a subject (element)Ī list of all institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer 's in St. Sampling = the process of selecting a group of people, events, behaviors, or other elements with which to conduct a study Sample = the selected elements (people or objects) chosen for participation in a study people are referred to as subjects or participants Terminology used to describe samples and sampling methods Louis city & countyĪll school-age children with asthma treated in pediatric asthma clinics in university-affiliated medical centers in the MidwestĪll pregnant teens in the state of Missouri Louis areaĪll low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal ICUs in St. Louis county nursing homesĪll people with AIDS in the metropolitan St. May be limited to region, state, city, county, or institutionĪll institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer 's in St. The portion of the population to which the researcher has reasonable access may be a subset of the target population Meet set of criteria of interest to researcherĪll institutionalized elderly with Alzheimer 's The entire group of people or objects to which the researcher wishes to generalize the study findings Definition - a complete set of elements (persons or objects) that possess some common characteristic defined by the sampling criteria established by the researcherĬomposed of two groups - target population & accessible population
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